Architecture

Dreamcast Architecture-Specific Options and high-level API. More...

Modules
	Console Types
	Byte values returned by hardware_sys_mode()
	Exit Paths
	Potential exit paths from the kernel on arch_exit()
	Memory Capacity
	Console memory sizes.
	Region Codes
	Values returned by hardware_sys_mode();.

Files
file	arch.h
	Dreamcast architecture specific options.

Macros
#define	_arch_mem_top   ((uint32) 0x8d000000)
	Top of memory available, depending on memory size.
#define	PAGESIZE   4096
	Page size (for MMU)
#define	PAGESIZE_BITS   12
	Bits for page size.
#define	PAGEMASK   (PAGESIZE - 1)
	Mask for page offset.
#define	page_count   ((_arch_mem_top - page_phys_base) / PAGESIZE)
	Page count "variable".
#define	page_phys_base   0x8c010000
	Base address of available physical pages.
#define	HZ   100
	Scheduler interrupt frequency.
#define	THD_STACK_SIZE   32768
	Default thread stack size.
#define	DEFAULT_VID_MODE   DM_640x480
	Default video mode.
#define	DEFAULT_PIXEL_MODE   PM_RGB565
	Default pixel mode for video.
#define	DEFAULT_SERIAL_BAUD   115200
	Default serial bitrate.
#define	DEFAULT_SERIAL_FIFO   1
	Default serial FIFO behavior.
#define	ELF_SYM_PREFIX   "_"
	Global symbol prefix in ELF files.
#define	ELF_SYM_PREFIX_LEN   1
	Length of global symbol prefix in ELF files.
#define	HW_MEMSIZE   (_arch_mem_top - 0x8c000000)
	Determine how much memory is installed in current machine.
#define	DBL_MEM   (_arch_mem_top - 0x8d000000)
	Use this macro to easily determine if system has 32MB of RAM.
#define	arch_sleep()
	Dreamcast specific sleep mode "function".
#define	arch_get_ret_addr()
	DC specific "function" to get the return address from the current function.
#define	arch_get_fptr()
	DC specific "function" to get the frame pointer from the current function.
#define	arch_fptr_ret_addr(fptr)   (*((uint32*)(fptr)))
	Pass in a frame pointer value to get the return address for the given frame.
#define	arch_fptr_next(fptr)   (*((uint32*)((fptr)+4)))
	Pass in a frame pointer value to get the previous frame pointer for the given frame.
#define	arch_valid_address(ptr)   ((ptr_t)(ptr) >= 0x8c010000 && (ptr_t)(ptr) < _arch_mem_top)
	Returns true if the passed address is likely to be valid. Doesn't have to be exact, just a sort of general idea.
#define	BYTE_ORDER   LITTLE_ENDIAN
	Define the byte-order of the platform in use.
#define	arch_swap16(x)
	Swap the byte order of a 16-bit integer.
#define	arch_swap32(x)
	Swap the byte order of a 32-bit integer.
#define	arch_ntohs(x)   arch_swap16(x)
	Convert network-to-host short.
#define	arch_ntohl(x)   arch_swap32(x)
	Convert network-to-host long.
#define	arch_htons(x)   arch_swap16(x)
	Convert host-to-network short.
#define	arch_htonl(x)   arch_swap32(x)
	Convert host-to-network long.

Functions
void	arch_panic (const char *str) __noreturn
	Panic function.
void	arch_main (void) __noreturn
	Kernel C-level entry point.
void	arch_set_exit_path (int path)
	Set the exit path.
void	arch_exit (void) __noreturn
	Generic kernel "exit" point.
void	arch_return (int ret_code) __noreturn
	Kernel "return" point.
void	arch_abort (void) __noreturn
	Kernel "abort" point.
void	arch_reboot (void) __noreturn
	Kernel "reboot" call.
void	arch_menu (void) __noreturn
	Kernel "exit to menu" call.
int	mm_init (void)
	Initialize the memory management system.
void *	mm_sbrk (unsigned long increment)
	Request more core memory from the system.
void	arch_real_exit (int ret_code) __noreturn
	Jump back to the bootloader.
int	hardware_sys_init (void)
	Initialize bare-bones hardware systems.
int	hardware_periph_init (void)
	Initialize some peripheral systems.
void	hardware_shutdown (void)
	Shut down hardware that was initted.
int	hardware_sys_mode (int *region)
	Retrieve the system mode of the console in use.

Detailed Description

Dreamcast Architecture-Specific Options and high-level API.

Macro Definition Documentation

_arch_mem_top

#define _arch_mem_top   ((uint32) 0x8d000000)

Top of memory available, depending on memory size.

arch_fptr_next

#define arch_fptr_next

(

fptr

)

(*((uint32*)((fptr)+4)))

Pass in a frame pointer value to get the previous frame pointer for the given frame.

Parameters

fptr	The frame pointer to look at.

Returns

The previous frame pointer.

arch_fptr_ret_addr

#define arch_fptr_ret_addr

(

fptr

)

(*((uint32*)(fptr)))

Pass in a frame pointer value to get the return address for the given frame.

Parameters

fptr	The frame pointer to look at.

Returns

The return address of the pointer.

arch_get_fptr

#define arch_get_fptr

(

)

Value:

        ({ \
        uint32 fp; \
        __asm__ __volatile__("mov       r14,%0\n" \
                             : "=&z" (fp) \
                             : /* no inputs */ \
                             : "memory" ); \
        fp; })

DC specific "function" to get the frame pointer from the current function.

Returns

The frame pointer from the current function.

Note

This only works if you don't disable frame pointers.

arch_get_ret_addr

#define arch_get_ret_addr

(

)

Value:

        ({ \
        uint32 pr; \
        __asm__ __volatile__("sts       pr,%0\n" \
                             : "=&z" (pr) \
                             : /* no inputs */ \
                             : "memory" ); \
        pr; })

DC specific "function" to get the return address from the current function.

Returns

The return address of the current function.

arch_htonl

#define arch_htonl

(

x

)

arch_swap32(x)

Convert host-to-network long.

This macro converts a value in the host's native byte order to network byte order (big endian). On a little endian system (like the Dreamcast), this should just call arch_swap32(). On a big endian system, this should be a no-op.

Parameters

x	The value to be converted. This should be a uint32, or equivalent.

Returns

The converted value.

arch_htons

#define arch_htons

(

x

)

arch_swap16(x)

Convert host-to-network short.

This macro converts a value in the host's native byte order to network byte order (big endian). On a little endian system (like the Dreamcast), this should just call arch_swap16(). On a big endian system, this should be a no-op.

Parameters

x	The value to be converted. This should be a uint16, or equivalent.

Returns

The converted value.

arch_ntohl

#define arch_ntohl

(

x

)

arch_swap32(x)

Convert network-to-host long.

This macro converts a network byte order (big endian) value to the host's native byte order. On a little endian system (like the Dreamcast), this should just call arch_swap32(). On a big endian system, this should be a no-op.

Parameters

x	The value to be converted. This should be a uint32, or equivalent.

Returns

The converted value.

arch_ntohs

#define arch_ntohs

(

x

)

arch_swap16(x)

Convert network-to-host short.

This macro converts a network byte order (big endian) value to the host's native byte order. On a little endian system (like the Dreamcast), this should just call arch_swap16(). On a big endian system, this should be a no-op.

Parameters

x	The value to be converted. This should be a uint16, or equivalent.

Returns

The converted value.

arch_sleep

#define arch_sleep

(

)

Value:

        do { \
        __asm__ __volatile__("sleep"); \
    } while(0)

Dreamcast specific sleep mode "function".

arch_swap16

#define arch_swap16

(

x

)

Value:

    ({ \
    uint16 __x = (x); \
    __asm__ __volatile__("swap.b %0, %0" : "=r" (__x) : "0" (__x)); \
    __x; \
})

Swap the byte order of a 16-bit integer.

This macro swaps the byte order of a 16-bit integer in an architecture- defined manner.

Parameters

x	The value to be byte-swapped. This should be a uint16, or equivalent.

Returns

The swapped value.

arch_swap32

#define arch_swap32

(

x

)

Value:

    ({ \
    uint32 __x = (x); \
    __asm__ __volatile__("swap.b %0, %0\n\t" \
                         "swap.w %0, %0\n\t" \
                         "swap.b %0, %0\n\t" : "=r"(__x) : "0" (__x)); \
    __x; \
})

Swap the byte order of a 32-bit integer.

This macro swaps the byte order of a 32-bit integer in an architecture- defined manner.

Parameters

x	The value to be byte-swapped. This should be a uint32, or equivalent.

Returns

The swapped value.

arch_valid_address

#define arch_valid_address

(

ptr

)

((ptr_t)(ptr) >= 0x8c010000 && (ptr_t)(ptr) < _arch_mem_top)

Returns true if the passed address is likely to be valid. Doesn't have to be exact, just a sort of general idea.

Returns

Whether the address is valid or not for normal memory access.

BYTE_ORDER

#define BYTE_ORDER   LITTLE_ENDIAN

Define the byte-order of the platform in use.

DBL_MEM

#define DBL_MEM   (_arch_mem_top - 0x8d000000)

Use this macro to easily determine if system has 32MB of RAM.

Returns

Non-zero if console has 32MB of RAM, zero otherwise

DEFAULT_PIXEL_MODE

#define DEFAULT_PIXEL_MODE   PM_RGB565

Default pixel mode for video.

DEFAULT_SERIAL_BAUD

#define DEFAULT_SERIAL_BAUD   115200

Default serial bitrate.

DEFAULT_SERIAL_FIFO

#define DEFAULT_SERIAL_FIFO   1

Default serial FIFO behavior.

DEFAULT_VID_MODE

#define DEFAULT_VID_MODE   DM_640x480

Default video mode.

ELF_SYM_PREFIX

#define ELF_SYM_PREFIX   "_"

Global symbol prefix in ELF files.

ELF_SYM_PREFIX_LEN

#define ELF_SYM_PREFIX_LEN   1

Length of global symbol prefix in ELF files.

HW_MEMSIZE

#define HW_MEMSIZE   (_arch_mem_top - 0x8c000000)

Determine how much memory is installed in current machine.

Returns

The total size of system memory in bytes.

HZ

#define HZ   100

Scheduler interrupt frequency.

Timer interrupt frequency for the KOS thread scheduler.

Note

This value is what KOS uses initially upon startup, but it can be reconfigured at run-time.

See also

thd_get_hz(), thd_set_hz()

page_count

#define page_count   ((_arch_mem_top - page_phys_base) / PAGESIZE)

Page count "variable".

The number of pages is static, so we can optimize this quite a bit.

page_phys_base

#define page_phys_base   0x8c010000

Base address of available physical pages.

PAGEMASK

#define PAGEMASK   (PAGESIZE - 1)

Mask for page offset.

PAGESIZE

#define PAGESIZE   4096

Page size (for MMU)

PAGESIZE_BITS

#define PAGESIZE_BITS   12

Bits for page size.

THD_STACK_SIZE

#define THD_STACK_SIZE   32768

Default thread stack size.

Function Documentation

arch_abort()

void arch_abort

(

void

)

Kernel "abort" point.

Note

This function will never return!

arch_exit()

void arch_exit

(

void

)

Generic kernel "exit" point.

Note

This function will never return!

arch_main()

void arch_main

(

void

)

Kernel C-level entry point.

Note

This function will never return!

arch_menu()

void arch_menu

(

void

)

Kernel "exit to menu" call.

Note

This function will never return!

arch_panic()

void arch_panic

(

const char *

str

)

Panic function.

This function will cause a kernel panic, printing the specified message.

Parameters

str	The error message to print.

Note

This function will never return!

arch_real_exit()

void arch_real_exit

(

int

ret_code

)

Jump back to the bootloader.

You generally shouldn't use this function, but rather use arch_exit() or exit() instead.

Note

This function will never return!

arch_reboot()

void arch_reboot

(

void

)

Kernel "reboot" call.

Note

This function will never return!

arch_return()

void arch_return

(

int

ret_code

)

Kernel "return" point.

Note

This function will never return!

arch_set_exit_path()

void arch_set_exit_path

(

int

path

)

Set the exit path.

The default, if you don't call this, is ARCH_EXIT_RETURN.

Parameters

path	What arch_exit() should do.

See also

Exit Paths

hardware_periph_init()

int hardware_periph_init

(

void

)

Initialize some peripheral systems.

This will be done automatically for you on start by the default arch_main(), so you shouldn't have to deal with this yourself.

Return values

0	On success (no error conditions defined).

hardware_shutdown()

void hardware_shutdown

(

void

)

Shut down hardware that was initted.

This function will shut down anything initted with hardware_sys_init() and hardware_periph_init(). This will be done for you automatically by the various exit points, so you shouldn't have to do this yourself.

hardware_sys_init()

int hardware_sys_init

(

void

)

Initialize bare-bones hardware systems.

This will be done automatically for you on start by the default arch_main(), so you shouldn't have to deal with this yourself.

Return values

0	On success (no error conditions defined).

hardware_sys_mode()

int hardware_sys_mode

(

int *

region

)

Retrieve the system mode of the console in use.

This function retrieves the system mode register of the console that is in use. This register details the actual system type in use (and in some system types the region of the device).

Parameters

region

On return, the region code (one of the Region Codes) of the device if the console type allows reading it through the system mode register – otherwise, you must retrieve the region from the flashrom.

Returns

The console type (one of the Console Types).

mm_init()

int mm_init

(

void

)

Initialize the memory management system.

Return values

0	On success (no error conditions defined).

mm_sbrk()

void * mm_sbrk

(

unsigned long

increment

)

Request more core memory from the system.

Parameters

increment

The number of bytes requested.

Returns

A pointer to the memory.

Note

This function will panic if no memory is available.